EPF1-EPF2 and EPFL9/Stomagen act antagonistically in regulating leaf stomatal density.The aim of this study was to elucidate the evolutionary functional divergence of EPF/EPFL family genes.Phylogenetic analyses showed dodge warlord for sale that AtEPFL9/Stomagen-like genes are conserved only in vascular plants and are closely related to AtEPF1/EPF2-like genes.Modeling showed that EPF/EPFL peptides share a common 3D structure that is constituted of a scaffold and loop.Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that AtEPF1/EPF2-like peptides form an additional disulfide bond in their loop regions and show greater flexibility in these regions than AtEPFL9/Stomagen-like peptides.
This study read more uncovered the evolutionary relationship and the conformational divergence of proteins encoded by the EPF/EPFL family genes.